After he provides a useful review of the steps toward the development of theory, first the question or puzzle, followed by the formulation of a hypothesis and then a test, with the cycle likely repeating itself as refinements are made, Eckstein proceeds to describe five distinct varieties of the case study and identifies the particular uses each has. The most well-known example of an intensive single-country case study must be Robert Putnam’s (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, also an excellent example of historiographic work. King, G., Koehane, R. O., & Verba, S. (1994). Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. These include concept validity, the potential for discovering new causal variables and deriving new hypotheses, a better understanding of the relationship between causal variables and possible path dependency, and the ability to identify or model the complex interactions of these variables. Gerring then provides a comprehensive discussion of the methodological ambiguities that occur in case studies and identifies six areas in which case studies are vulnerable. ... Prof. World Politics, 49, 56-91. Moore, B., Jr. (1966). Free Political Science Case Study Example. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Accessed 10 December 2020. She neatly demonstrates how the potential error of case selection on the dependent variable can particularly impact results in small-N studies. 1. The use of case studies to build and test theories in political science and the other social sciences has increased in recent years. Scholars have generally fallen into two camps, those who argue for its usefulness and those who contend it has limited utility in a discipline with a strong quantitative emphasis and reliance on scientific method. Case studies run the gamut from the most microscosmic to the most macrocosmic levels of political phenomena. They have been conflicting about repealing European Convention of Human Rights. Another such single-case work is Robert Bates’s (1989) Beyond the Miracle of the Market: The Political Economy of Agrarian Development in Kenya. a nation-state, revolution, political party, election, or person – observed at a single point in time or over some delimited period of time” (2004: 342). These kinds of rich, multilayered observations and intimate knowledge of a society can be accomplished only with case study methods, with which Bates combines quantitative rigor as well. Rogowski, R. (1995). Examples of political interference with government science documented by the UCS Scientific Integrity Program, 2004-2009 . Geddes, B. What is a case study and what is it good for? Jürgen Habermas one of the defenders of European Integration points out that European project has two be implemented as soon as possible. By sticking to one color, and leaving lots of blank space you can ensure your design … New York: Library of America. A collection of 40+ essays examining every aspect of the case study method and its use in the science classroom. To do this, he approaches the same event from the perspective of three different decisional- behavior models. Field cases . King et al. Conversely, one can study a case similar in most respects, yet lacking in the hypothesized critical components, as a way of demonstrating that similar results did not result because the causal variable was missing. ", "Free Political Science Case Study Example,". Gerring, J. Before he makes his argument for the value of case study to theory building, Eckstein (1975) provides valuable definitions of case study by emphasizing the concentrated, yet flexible, aspect of an investigation into a single event or individual. The case study method has always been an integral tool in the investigation of social science phenomena, being of particular value when the number of observations, or cases studied, is limited in number, restricting the utility of statistical approaches. Marketplace Home>Social Science>Political Science> Case Studies in International Relations. Both types work to identify causal relationships and enlighten theoretical explanations. This is how your paper can get an A! In addition to being the definitive authority on case methods, George and Bennett present a compelling argument for using multiple methodological approaches in a research program. It’s an extremely effective marketing tool. Most critically, a well-crafted case study gives the researcher a level of knowledge and understanding of the matter being examined that no other method allows. As a result, concerns over potential selection bias contribute prominently in discussions of the case study method. Many scholars have argued that the social sciences rely too heavily on quantitative research and formal models and have attempted to develop and refine rigorous methods for using case studies. The first of these, the configurative idiographic study, is meant to be a comprehensive study of its target but one that allows for intuitive interpretation of the facts. This article discusses the potential of case study and process-tracing methods for studying lobbying and framing in the European Union (EU). He concludes with a nice summation of the strengths of the case study method: Case studies make possible the discovery of patterns of relationships and difference, with all deviations requiring an explanation, necessitating a thorough knowledge of the data. address selection bias. Mayhew, D. R. (1974). Please accept before continuing or read our cookie policy here. Addison Wellsley. Hypothesis- genorating case studies that weaken a theory marginally) Deviant case studies Comparative Method Defined as: Syste- Strategies of inquiry (pp. 7. The complex interplay of economics and politics that Bates studies is only fully appreciated when the cultural context is included; the influence of tribal affiliations and Kenya’s British colonial legacy are just two examples. Case studies are by definition qualitative, meaning that the focus of the study is not primarily the systematic manipulation of aggregated points of data, an objective exercise, but rather a study that focuses on the quality of the potential data observed, a much more subjective work. Geddes makes the point that by not providing a larger sample, selected randomly (rather than on the dependent variable) for testing the proposed relationship between cause and effect, one is really comparing only “the differences among the selected cases” (p. 132). George and Smoke use process tracing to establish the causal explanation, which would not be possible without the depth of knowledge acquired in these case histories. Studies evaluate people’s choices, beliefs and opinions, and through this analysis, scholars seek to better understand humanity. A carefully crafted case study serves several purposes within the research cycle. In comparative case studies, this issue is particularly relevant because small-N studies suggest that there exists more than one unique example of what is being examined and therefore a larger population to choose from. For example, “Astudy of six general elections in Britain may be, but need not be, an N = 1 study. At the same time David Miller argues about this project saying that EU lower the authority of other countries. George and Bennett discuss the relationship between case studies and the systematic building of theory. In it, Ronald Rogowski (1995) challenges King et al.’s concern with the testability of single-observation studies and relates three examples of just such single-case studies that do succeed under this limitation. Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research. As the previous examples illustrate, case study work is applicable to a broad range of theoretical questions. This self-styled “soaking and poking” enabled a comprehensive, in-depth observation that allowed Fenno to identify the paradox of individual representatives’ being very well-liked by their constituents at the same time as the institution of Congress is collectively viewed much more critically, and he explains much of the paradox by the personal relationships developed through district service. In Strategies of Inquiry, Handbook of Political Science , vol. and facilitate comparative case studies in political sci-ence.FollowingMill’sMethodofDifference,wefocuson a study design based on the comparison of outcomes be- tween units representing the case of interest, defined by the occurrence of a specific event or intervention that is the object of the study, and otherwise similar but unaf … The essence of the case study method is quite simple: the descriptions of particular situations are used to organize the learning process. Source: Saylor. The promise of these approaches shifted the methodological emphasis away from case From its beginning in 2004, the UCS Scientific Integrity program spent the next five years collecting over 100 stories of scientific integrity abuses from a variety of government agencies. Published Aug 4, 2014. He also worries that interpretation of cases on an existing theory presumes that the theory itself is correct and suggests that existing theory, however valid, may “compel particular case interpretations” (p. 104, italics added) with its emphasis on generalizability at the expense of more individualized findings. One of the leading countries – Great Britain is usually related with political disputes. This discovery is incremental and is often developed in sequential studies as the new theory is further refined. She then shows how such an error can also occur in a path-dependent argument. By definition, idiographic is individualizing rather than nomographic or generalizing. Course Sequences. The role case studies can play in identifying and understanding previously unknown variables and in establishing causal paths and the interdependency of variables, as well as being critical tests of existing theory, makes them not just a complement to quantitative methods but potentially of equal value (Geddes, 1990; Gerring, 2004). In this way, scientific rigor is added, and the utility of case methods is likely increased. Case Study Method Merit: permits examination Of Cases evan lim- ited resourcas Inherent problem: Contributes less to building theory than studies with Type. In 2009, the year before referendum, Ireland rejected Treaty of Lisbon by voting. European integration has faced serious issues with one of the states. Political scientists often study people’s choices when they're engaged in political behavior. These are an intervening step before testing, to determine whether the expense of testing is warranted. The Case Study Anthology. The publication of King, Keohane and Verba's 'Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research' (hereafter KKV) popularized many methodological terms in political science, such as descriptive and causal inference, and contributed toward a systematic approach to research design in the study of political science. It is a case study! Legitimacy concerns the study of the character of the rights of the public. And while much of the earliest criticism of case studies (by social scientists) centered on their application as a mainly historical narrative, the substantive purpose of case study is to understand that history but to do so in a way that allows for the identification of critical actions, structures, or other aspects that contribute to the end result. Good case study work can be either accumulating (building on previous knowledge) or original (establishing entirely new avenues of research). It might also be an N = 6 study. His concentrated case study of states in the Middle East during a single period allows him to develop the depth of knowledge necessary for such a study, in which data alone would be inadequate. 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