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Other religious groups include protestant Christianity, Tiadism, Roman Catholics, Miledadao, Zailiism, Xuanyuanism, and other smaller religious sects. Prior to the 17th century the island of Taiwan was inhabited by the Taiwanese aborigines of Austronesian stock, and there were small settlements of Chinese and Japanese maritime traders and pirates. [15] The government began to investigate, register and regulate local temples, and it created islandwide Buddhist religious associations—into which even zhaijiao Buddhist groups were enrolled—whose charters recommended loyalty to the government. As such, ancient customs and festivals are celebrated with fervour, and traditional holidays are closely observed. Taoism is believed to have been developed from a fusion of a variety of Chinese folk religions.. Taoism encourages vegetarianism and fasting. Taiwan - Taiwan - Cultural life: Taiwan’s culture may be described as traditional and conservative, like most other Asian cultures but to a greater degree. Taiwan is an eclectic mix of enterprises and individuals, including governmental officials, farmers, … Taoism in Taiwan is almost entirely entwined with folk religion,[35] as it is mostly of the Zhengyi school in which priests function as ritual ministers of local communities' cults. [5] Chinese settlers, mostly from Fujian and Guangdong, began to migrate to the island. [15] The Japanese government discovered the plot and Yu Qingfang was executed in a speedy trial together with ninety-four other followers. Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier 1600–1800, 1993. There are many definitions of "religion"in common usage, and the author has defined it very broadly in this book. [18] Consequently, some local officials began to close and to demolish temples, burning their images, confiscating their cash and real estates, a measure that they called "sending the gods to Heaven". [7] Taiwan, as a frontier land, was not attractive for Buddhist and Taoist religious leaders. [17] This included an effort to disaccustom people from Chinese traditional religions and convert them into the nexus of State Shinto. Thorton, Arland, and Hui-Sheng Lin, eds. Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs. [2] Taiwanese aborigines traditionally practised an animistic ethnic religion. Pray that men will be willing to go to church. People give this offering to their dead ancestors, to spend in the afterworld. Religion A Spiritual Sanctuary. As a society, it is immersed in both religion and tradition. An altar dedicated to various gods at a temple in Tainan. The atheists and agnostics do not believe in the existence of a god or accept only the existence of one whose existence they cannot prove. It is mainly Chinese in origin and is patriarchal and patrilineal, with the family at the centre of cultural activities. Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-Wen waves to assembled guests from the deck of the 'Ming Chuan' frigate during a ceremony to commission two Perry … The Luanist Rebirth Church (重生堂 Chóngshēngtáng) in Taichung. [36], Confucianism is present in Taiwan in the form of many associations and temples and shrines for the worship of Confucius and sages. [1], Christianity in Taiwan constituted 3.9% of the population according to the census of 2005. As of 2005, more than 10% of the population of Taiwan adhered to a variety of folk religious organisations of salvation. [11] During a first period from 1895 to 1915, the Japanese adopted a laissez-faire policy towards native religions. [20] The policies also resulted in the disappearance of the small Muslim community, until Islam was reintroduced by the Kuomintang with their retreat from mainland China to Taiwan after the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949. Taoism is a religious, philosophical, and ritual tradition that originated from the Chinese and forms the second most followed religion in Taiwan by 33% of the population. Taipei Taiwan Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. [10] The most prominent were the three religions of fasting: the Jinchuang, the Longhua, and Xiantiandao traditions (the latter was introduced to Taiwan in the mid-19th century). [5], Chinese migrants brought with them the ancient Chinese religion from the mainland, which served to integrate communities around the worship of ancient Chinese gods. The reasons the Taiwanese people have chosen to follow a particular religion are varied. Find out more about our team » [8] Japanese researches of the early colonial period identified zhaijiao sects as a line of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism, although contemporary scholars know that they were centered on a female creator deity, Wusheng Laomu, and identify them as branches of Luoism disguising as a form of Buddhism free of ordained clergy. [22] The Japanese quickly constructed a network of railroads connecting all regions of the island. With a growing number of Local Spiritual Assemblies (Taipei, Tainan, Hualien and Pingtung), the Taiwanese National Spiritual Assembly was established in 1967. Everyone is called uncle, aunt, big brother, […] Chinese family altars were replaced with kamidana and butsudan, and a Japanese calendar of religious festivals was introduced. Beliefs:Hell bank note tradition, which is a Chinese tradition is also followed in Taiwan. [35], Politicians of all parties appear at Taoist temples during campaigns, using them for political gatherings. Buddhism was introduced into Taiwan in the mid-Qing dynasty (18th century) through the zhaijiao popular sects. Islam did not spread and their descendants became assimilated into the local Taiwanese society adopting the local customs and religions. The Taiwan government suppressed the religion as a demonic one in 1959 up to the 1980s when its followers requested the authorities to lift the ban. Spiritual beliefs and superstitions still abound in Taiwan. Islam first reached Taiwan in the 17th century when Muslim families from the southern China's coastal province of Fujian accompanied Koxinga on his invasion to oust the Dutch from Taiwan. Religious beliefs and practices have evolved over time due to various influences from the immigrants and through interactions with different cultures within Taiwan. During the Chinese Civil War, some 20,000 Muslims, mostly soldiers and civil servants, fled mainland China with the Kuomintang to Taiwan. They gave significant contribution to the development of Chinese Buddhism on the island. The Presbyterian Church has strong ties with the Democratic Progressive Party since the 1980s. Many statistical analyses try to distinguish between Buddhism and Taoism in Taiwan, which, along with Confucianism, are rather aspects within broader "ancient Chinese religion". [1] The three largest ones—Yiguandao, Tiandiism and Miledadao—and some others derive from the Xiantiandao tradition, making this the religious tradition of more than 7% of Taiwan's population. In this very diverse world, we have many different languages, traditions and customs. For men who are involved in temples, there are fire crackers and loud drums; it’s noisy and active. When the island fell under Dutch rule in 1624, Protestantism was spread to the Taiwanese aborigines. [17], The outbreak of open war between China and Japan in 1937 led to a proscription of practices and even stronger measures, as Japanese officials saw the religious culture centered around folk temples as the major obstacle to Japanisation. [35] According to the 2005 census, there were 7.6 million Taoists in Taiwan (33% of the population) in that year. [16], In 1937, after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Tokyo ordered the rapid acculturation of the peoples of Japan's colonies. The table shows official statistics on religion issued by the Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of the Interior ("MOI"), in 2005. Unlike China, Taiwan is a visa-free destination for Americans looking to immerse themselves in this Asian island's culture and history. A large percentage of the population in Taiwan are Buddhists, Taoists, and atheists. RELIGION IN TAIWAN. [44] Since 2011, there has been a Chabad in Taipei.[45]. According to the census of 2005, there were 58,000 Muslims in Taiwan in that year. [37] In 2005, 0.7% of the population of Taiwan adhered to Xuanyuanism, which is a Confucian-based religion worshipping Huangdi as the symbol of God.[38]. Other influences include longevity of the followers such as the Buddhists who are believed to live in tune with nature, therefore, increasing their lifespan. [11], During the Japanese period many indigenous groups were forcibly converted to Shintoism, only a few (such as the Saisiyat people) were able to resist and maintain their traditions. Most of the Buddhist practices in Taiwan have developed a more social approach to their practices with reduced focus on ritual and more focus on aspects such as environmental conservation, promotion of equality, freedom, and reason without engaging in politics. The Taiwanese government recognises 26 religions in Taiwan. Hui'an Temple in Kuantien, Tainan. Yiguandao elders are those clad in grey robes. Shuang Ho Jing Temple of the Tzu Chi, in Zhonghe, New Taipei. Let’s explore how Taiwan’s government implemented this “audacious” health care system 20 years ago. Today there are several large Humanistic Buddhist and Buddhist modernist organisations in Taiwan, including the Dharma Drum Mountain (Făgŭshān 法鼓山) founded by Sheng Yen (聖嚴), Buddha's Light International (Fógŭangshān 佛光山) founded by Hsing Yun (星雲), and the Tzu Chi Foundation (Cíjì jījīnhùi 慈濟基金會) founded by Cheng Yen (證嚴法師). Their religion is a lot about what they do.” How can we pray for men in Taiwan? [27] Chinese Buddhism developed into distinctively new forms with the foundation of organisations like the Tzu Chi, the Fo Guang Shan and the Dharma Drum Mountain, which follow the Humanistic Buddhism movement that was founded in China during the early 20th century. [29][30], Chinese traditional, popular or folk religion, or simply Chinese religion, also called Shenism, defines the collection of grassroots ethnic religious and spiritual experiences, disciplines, beliefs and practices of the Han Chinese. The religions in Taiwan have affected the spheres of life in the country. The Chinese worship both Buddhist and Taoist deities as well as their ancestors spirits in hope of pacifying everyone and thus ensuring good fortune. [28] Since the 2000s there was an increasing cooperation between religious groups in Taiwan and mainland China. Another name of this complex of religions is Chinese Universism, coined by Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, and referring to Chinese religion's intrinsic metaphysical perspective.[31][32]. For instance the Japanisation of Chinese Buddhism, the introduction of clerical marriage and the practice of eating meat and drinking wine, was not as successful as in the Buddhist tradition of Japanese-occupied Korea.[14]. Gaoshi Shrine was the first Shinto shrine rebuilt after World War II. The religion spread through the 1930s and 40s through its missionaries who were sent to preach the religion. Religion in Taiwan (officially by its political entity, the Republic of China) is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices, predominantly those pertaining to Chinese culture and Chinese traditional religions. Since the 1980s, thousands of Muslims from Myanmar and Thailand, who are descendants of nationalist soldiers who fled Yunnan as a result of the communist takeover, have migrated to Taiwan in search of a better life. During the Japanese occupation, Japanese schools of Buddhism (such as Shingon Buddhism, Jōdo Shinshū, Nichiren Shū) gained influence over many Taiwanese Buddhist temples as part of the Japanese policy of cultural assimilation. Despite its minority status, many of the early Kuomintang political leaders of the Republic of China were Christians. Religion in Taiwan is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices, predominantly those pertaining to the continued preservation of the ancient Chinese culture and religion. Freedom of religion is inscribed in the constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan). [22] In the field of religion, this promoted the rise in importance of some Buddhist, Taoist or folk temples as island-wide pilgrimage sites. Following the end of World War II and the establishment of the Republic of China on the island, many monks from mainland China moved to Taiwan, including Yin Shun (印順) who is generally considered to be the key figure who brought Humanistic Buddhism to Taiwan. [17], The subsequent "temples' restructuration movement" caused much consternation among the Chinese population and had far-reaching effects. Taiwan is rich in both history and local folklore. A Yiguandao-organised Confucian ceremony for the worship of gods and Heaven in March 2017. Taiwan is … Chung Tai Chan Monastery in Puli, Nantou. [1] The statistics are reported by the various religious organisations to the MOI:[1][46], The figures for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints were not from the MOI, rather they were based on self-reported data from LDS Newsroom. In this blog, we will discuss some interesting facts about Taiwanese culture. In 1945, after the Second World War, the administration of Taiwan was handed over to the Republic of China through General Order No. [20] As a result of this loss of faith in gods, Japanese police reported a general decline in public morals. Taiwan Religion, Economy and Politics. [21], Another effect of the Japanese colonisation on religious life in Taiwan was due to the modernisation of infrastructures. In more recent years, there has been a rise in Indonesian workers to Taiwan. The history of Taiwan is complicated and there is wide disagreement and ambiguity regarding its status as part of mainland China and who is ruling the islands. Taiwanese people are on the whole extremely friendly, an… Muslim merchants married local Chinese women, creating a new Chinese ethnic group called the Hui people. Nung Chan Monastery of Dharma Drum Mountain. For religion in the People's Republic of China, see, constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan), temples and shrines for the worship of Confucius and sages, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Taiwan in Time: The ceremony that endured the times", "Tainan has most of nation's 12,106 temples", "History of the Baháʼí Faith in Japan 1914–1938", "Taipei's Jewish community has deep roots", "Energetic Chabad rabbi nourishes Jewish Taipei", "2006 Report on International Religious Freedom", "Text and Context: Redemptive Societies in the History of Religions of Modern and Contemporary China", "Religious Relations across the Taiwan Strait: Patterns, Alignments, and Political Effects", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Taiwan&oldid=990825483, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Holy Church of the Heavenly Virtue—Tiandiism (, Church of Maitreya the King of the Universe (, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 18:33. [35] Despite this and the contention among sects for leadership, there is no unitary structure of authority overseeing all Taoists in Taiwan. The religion aims at harmonizing human beings with the natural cycles and emphasizes on naturalness, spontaneity, simplicity, and detachment from desires. [11] During a second phase from 1915 to 1937, the government tried to vigorously regulate local religions. Taiwan's strong human rights protections, lack of state-sanctioned discrimination, and generally high regard for freedom of religion or belief earned it a joint #1 ranking alongside The Netherlands and Belgium in the 2018 Freedom of Thought Report. “Life of Taiwan designed adventures that far exceeded our expectations.” Morris Raker, Life of Taiwan Traveller. Taiwan, Chinese (Wade-Giles romanization) T’ai-wan or (Pinyin) Taiwan, Portuguese Formosa, island in the western Pacific Ocean that lies roughly 100 miles (160 km) off the coast of southeastern China.It is approximately 245 miles (395 km) long (north-south) and 90 miles (145 km) across at its widest point. In 1995, Taiwan’s economy is picking up slowly but surely because of the stability relationship between Taiwan and China. [12], Buddhism, as a shared heritage of China and Japan, received better treatment than Chinese folk religion and Taoism. When China lost the war with Japan in 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan as a colony and the Japanese occupied Taiwan from 1895 to 1945. The Buddhists have established various institutions such as schools, shrines, and temples. It is also common for individuals to do some mixing of religions to accommodate their personal ideas or desires. Often this was done by convincing Japanese anthropologists to come to Taiwan and document religious traditions as legitimate cultural heritage however even the indigenous people allowed to keep some traditional ceremonies were still forced to pray at Shinto temples. Historical Overview: Beliefs and Religions in Taiwan What is religion? Taiwan is highly diversified in terms of religious belief, with the practices of Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Mormonism, Yiguandao, the Unification Church, Catholicism, Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, Judaism, and Hinduism, as well as native sects such as Yiguandao and others. You will often encounter people with beliefs … The religion includes public rituals as well as observance of particular days. It consists in the worship of the shen (神 "gods", "spirits", "awarenesses", "consciousnesses", "archetypes"; literally "expressions", the energies that generate things and make them thrive) which can be nature deities, city deities or tutelary deities of other human agglomerations, national deities, cultural heroes and demigods, ancestors and progenitors, deities of the kinship. [1], There has been a Jewish community in Taiwan since the 1950s. By Joyce Chepkemoi on April 25 2017 in Society. [27] From 800.000 in 1983 (4% of the population), the number of Buddhists expanded to 4.9 million in 1995 and subsequently to 8 million (35% of the population) in 2005.[39]. Pray for more men in the church. The constitution of Taiwan allows for the freedom of worship. Religion:Taiwan is a country which is highly diversified not only in terms of food and people, but also in terms of religion. Religion is a belief system, a moral value, and a philosophy of life, and it could be shared by a group of members. The religion focuses on an infinite mother who is represented by a flame. Christianity in Taiwan has been on the decline since the 1970s, after a strong growth from 1950 to the 1960s.[43]. In fact, there are many traditions that only a local would understand but here are six that visitors to these shores often find the most unusual. [10] During the fifty-one years of Japanese rule, governors enacted regulations to control the activities of "native religions". Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church in Shulin, New Taipei. Religious freedom is constitutionally guaranteed in Taiwan and the country is host to a diverse range of religions – 26 in total are officially recognized, but people are free to follow other religions if they choose. Religious beliefs Taiwan has a large population of people practicing eastern religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and small bits of Confucianism, as well as a small but growing Christian and Catholic population (Chou, & Chen, 2005). [15], After the incident, the Japanese government became suspicious of what it called Taiwan's "old religious customs" (kyūkan shūkyō). Inuit beliefs are a form of shamanism (see below) based on animistic principles of the Inuit or Eskimo peoples. In Taiwan: * There are no creationists who argue that evolution should not be taught in school * There are no religious group who want the Ten Commandments or any other religious text be openly displayed in courthouses or other public land. About 18.7% of the population of Taiwan are irreligious either due to indifference or rejection of religion or the absence of worship. [15] The hermitage was a zhaijiao Buddhist hall where the follower Yu Qingfang (余清芳) started an anti-Japanese uprising, in which many other folk religious and Taoist sects took part. “The churches in Taiwan are probably about two-thirds female. Sign up for our newsletter and event information. The history of the Baháʼí Faith (Chinese: 巴哈伊教; pinyin: Bāhāyījiào) in Taiwan began after the religion entered areas of China[40] and nearby Japan. [26], After the 1950s, and especially since the 1970s, there was a significant growth of Buddhism. Chinese folk religion in Taiwan is framed by the ritual ministry exerted by the Zhengyi Taoist clergy (sanju daoshi), independent orders of fashi (non-Taoist ritual masters), and tongji media. [7], There is little evidence that the doctrinal and initiatory religions of Buddhism and Taoism were active during this period. [7] Prominent temples became the foci of religious, political and social life, often eclipsing Qing officials and state-sponsored temples in their influence. The Japanese, who had had their eye on Taiwan since the late 16th century, succeeded in gaining control of the island after China was defeated in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). We listen closely to your needs to create an experience of Taiwan that is private and unique. [8] They were more successful in attracting converts than either pure Buddhism or Taoism. [18] Its inception can be traced back to the "Conference for Improving Popular Customs" held in 1936, that far from promoting a razing of temples discussed measures for a reform and standardisation of Taoist and folk temple practices. https://www.commisceo-global.com/resources/country-guides/taiwan-guide Though Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula, it had spread eastward to China as early as the 7th century CE. [11] A third period, coinciding with the outbreak of hostilities between Japan and mainland China, saw the Japanese government start a "Japanisation movement" (Japanese: 皇民化運動, Hepburn: kōminka undō) that included a "temple-restructuring movement" (寺廟整理運動, jibyō seiri undō). Folk Taoists officiating a ceremony in Taichung. Similar to in China, people in Taiwan follow the Hell Bank note tradition, which is a significant practice involving the burning of paper money called Hell Banknote. Life of Taiwan is a fully licensed tour company managed by local and international staff. The 19th-largest economy in the world, its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy. [5] He sailed to Taiwan in 1661 with thousands of troops, and in a war with the Dutch, he defeated and drove out the Dutch military forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning, the first Chinese state on the island. [14] However, given the profound differences between Chinese and Japanese Buddhist traditions (among others, Japanese priests marry, eat meat and drink wine, all of which Chinese monks abstain from), the "Japanisation" of Chinese Buddhism was resisted by Taiwanese Buddhist communities. And though traditional southern Chinese beliefs such as those of the Cantonese have survived in places such as Hong Kong and Macau, nowhere are age-old Chinese superstitions – mostly Fujianese – more a part of everyday life than in Taiwan. Despite Taiwan's complex ethnic and cultural mix, its way of life is predominantly Chinese, steeped in tradition and marked by superstition. Buddhism is the most common religion in Taiwan with about 35.1% of the population confessing to adhering to the religion. Taoism is believed to have been developed from a fusion of a variety of Chinese folk religions.. Taoism encourages vegetarianism and fasting. Skoggard, Ian A. Taiwan is one of the Four Asian Tigers and a member of the WTO and APEC. The largest of them is Yiguandao (with 3.5% of the population), followed by Tiandiism (whose two churches, the Holy Church of the Heavenly Virtue and the Lord of Universe Church, counted together constitute 2.2% of the island's population), Miledadao (an offshoot of Yiguandao accounting for 1.1%), Zailiism (0.8%) and Xuanyuanism (0.7%), and other minor movements including Precosmic Salvationism and Daiyiism. Nowadays the office is split into at least three lines competing to head the Taoist community. The Indigenous Dynamic in Taiwan's Postwar Development: The Religious and Historical Roots of Entrepreneurship, 1996. Other faiths in Taiwan include Christianity, Islam, and Mormonism. In Taiwan, there is a blend of Taoism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, and ancestral worship, which make up the prevalent religious belief in the country. 3307 M Street NW, Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20007 Phone: 202-687-5119 Fax: 202-318-0747. Hell Bank note is a special form of paper money, which is b… Taiwan is a country of various religious beliefs. The majority of Taiwanese people practice a combination of Buddhism and Taoism often with a Confucian worldview, which is collectively termed as Chinese folk religion. Taoism is a religious, philosophical, and ritual tradition that originated from the Chinese and forms the second most followed religion in Taiwan by 33% of the population. [5] As the settlers were mostly males, came from different areas, and at first not many people shared the same surnames and belonged to the same kins, ancestral shrines of kinship gods did not develop until the 1790s, when sufficient generations of families had established on the island. [24] During the same period, folk religions developed ties with environmental causes. [5] Many Ming loyalists fled to the south, including Zheng Chenggong alias Koxinga, a military warlord who fought against the Manchu dynasty. Two years later, with the transition to Spanish rule, the Catholic Church was introduced into the island. Values and ethics in Taiwan follow Confucianism, w… Taiwan is renowned for its fascinating blend of traditional and modern culture. [35] Taiwanese Taoism lacks a contemplative, ascetic and monastic tradition such as northern China's Quanzhen Taoism. Freedom of religion is inscribed in the constitution of the Republic of China. [47] The figures for Jehovah's Witnesses were not from the MOI and they were based on the Witnesses own 2007 Service Year Report. Religion in Taiwan (2005 census)[1][needs update?]. It is always a humbling and fun experience to learn about another culture. The first Local Spiritual Assembly in Taiwan was established in Tainan in 1956. There are currently thirteen registered religions on the island practiced by nearly half the residents of Taiwan. [1] Christians on the island included approximately 600,000 Protestants, 300,000 Catholics and a small number of Mormons.[1]. In the 2005 official statistics on religion issued by the Department of Civil Affairs, the Baháʼís had 16,000 members and 13 Local Spiritual Asemblies. The rapid economic growth of Taiwan since the 1970s and 1980s ("Taiwan Miracle") accompanied by a quick renewal of Chinese folk religion, challenging Max Weber's theories on secularisation and disenchantment, has led many scholars to investigate how folk religious culture, with its emphasis on values like loyalty, its social network of temples and gods' societies, may have contributed to the island's economic development. Hotsu Longfong Temple dedicated to Mazu in Miaoli. [25] Chinese salvationist religions (such as earlier Xiantiandao) become increasingly popular in Taiwan after 1945, although some of them were illegal until the 1980s. are practiced of which Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are most prevalent. [8] Several forms of Buddhism thrived in Taiwan ever since. One of the most important parts about traveling abroad is keeping an open mind. Religion in Taiwan is diverse and includes aspects of Chinese traditional culture. Religion in Taiwan is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices, predominantly those pertaining to the continued preservation of the ancient Chinese culture and religion. Buddhism has grown steadily from the time it was established in the Dutch rule with the most significant period of growth and spread during the Japanese period. Confucianism has strongly influenced the culture and beliefs of East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam. In the original report both of them were counted as part of Protestantism. Some say there’s no such thing as folk religion, rather a motley collection of beliefs and superstitions which adherents hope will bring them health, longevity and prosperity. The Taiwanese government was launching some great projects to enhance their infrastructure throughout entire Taiwan. Other salvationisms with an important presence in Taiwan, though not documented in the 2005 official statistics, are Confucian Shenism (also called Luanism) and the recent Weixinism. Freedom of religion is inscribed in the constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Social Change and the Family in Taiwan , … In recent decades, also non-Chinese forms of Buddhism, such as Tibetan Buddhism and Soka Gakkai Nichiren Buddhism, have expanded in Taiwan. [19], The Japanese persecution of Chinese folk religion led to an increase in skepticism and loss of faith among the Chinese. 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