The Defense Distinguished Service Medal (DDSM), the Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM), the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), the Joint Service Commendation Medal (JSCM) and the Joint Service Achievement Medal (JSAM) are awarded, to military personnel for service in joint duty assignments, in the name of the secretary of defense. President Donald Trump announced on Twitter Monday that he has fired Secretary of Defense Mark Esper, and that Christopher Miller, who serves … The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) is responsible for policy development, planning, resource management and program evaluation. The secretary of defense is a statutory member of the National Security Council. Secretaries of Defense. Combining his two non-sequential services as the secretary of defense, the second-longest serving is Donald Rumsfeld, … This position corresponds to what is generally known as a defense minister in many other countries. A member of the president's cabinet, the secretary heads the Department of Defense, created in 1947.The departmental predecessor was the Secretary of War.A civilian, the secretary is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. § 822: article 22, UCMJ), Special Courts-Martial (10 U.S.C. Also, such an official is responsible for the department's resource management and fiscal and program evaluation. The War Department, headed by the secretary of war, was created by Act of Congress in 1789 and was responsible for both the Army and Navy until the founding of a separate Department of the Navy in 1798. The secretary of defense is the sixth in line for the presidency. Explore trending topics, experience DOD through interactive pieces, engage by testing your wit with quizzes and observe DOD in action via photos and videos. President-elect Joe Biden plans to choose retired Gen. Lloyd Austin to be secretary of defense, according to three officials familiar with the decision. President-elect Joe Biden will nominate retired four-star Army general Lloyd J. Austin to be secretary of defense, according to four people familiar with the decision. (This is not counting deputy secretaries of defense William P. Clements and William Howard Taft IV, who each served a few weeks as temporary/acting secretary of defense). 23rd: Leon Panetta 8. The secretary of defense's position of command and authority over the U.S. military is second only to that of the president.This position corresponds to what is generally known as a defense minister in many other … The secretary's principally civilian staff element is called the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and is composed of the deputy secretary of defense (DEPSECDEF) and five under secretaries of defense in the fields of acquisition, technology & logistics, comptroller/chief financial officer, intelligence, personnel & readiness, and policy; several assistant secretaries of defense; other directors and the staffs under them. Here is a list of US Secretaries of Defense. On Wednesday, President-elect Joe Biden announced his nominee for defense secretary would be retired Army Gen. Lloyd J. Austin III. [8] The secretary of defense is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, and is by custom a member of the Cabinet and by law a member of the National Security Council. List of secretaries of defense. In addition, there is the Joint Meritorious Unit Award (JMUA), which is the only ribbon (as in non-medal) and unit award issued to joint DoD activities, also issued in the name of the secretary of defense. Leader of the United States armed forces following the president, (including Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities), List of United States Secretaries of Defense by time in office, Goldwater–Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense, Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities, under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, assistant to the president for national security affairs, United States Department of Homeland Security, Level I position of the Executive Schedule, Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Director of Defense Research and Engineering, General Counsel of the Department of Defense, Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, National Security Strategy (United States), Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge, Secretary of Defense Employer Support Freedom Award, Unconventional warfare (United States Department of Defense doctrine), US Commission on National Security/21st Century, "Positional Colors for the Department of Defense", "3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act", "Trump tweets that Defense Secretary Mark Esper has been 'terminated, "Esper's firing raises concerns about Trump's plans for the Pentagon in final weeks", "Waiver of Statutory Qualifications Relating to Prior Military Service of the Secretary of Defense", "Why Generals Need Congressional Waivers To Become Defense Secretary", Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components, "James V. Forrestal – Harry S. Truman Administration", "Louis A. Johnson – Harry S. Truman Administration", "George C. Marshall – Harry S. Truman Administration", "Robert A. Lovett – Harry S. Truman Administration", "Charles E. Wilson – Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration", "Neil H. McElroy -Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration", "Thomas S. Gates, Jr. – Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration", "Robert S. McNamara – John F. Kennedy / Lyndon Johnson Administration", "Clark M. Gifford – Lyndon Johnson Administration", "Melvin R. Laird – Richard Nixon Administration", "Elliot L. Richardson – Richard Nixon Administration", "James R. Schlesinger – Richard Nixon / Gerald Ford Administration", "Donald H. Rumsfeld – Gerald Ford Administration", "Harold Brown – James Carter Administration", "Caspar W. Weinberger – Ronald Reagan Administration", "Frank C. Carlucci – Ronald Reagan Administration", "Richard B. Cheney – George H.W. It renamed the Department of War the Department of the Army, and added both it and the Department of the Navy to a newly established National Military Establishment (NME). To address this and other problems, the National Security Act was amended in 1949 to further consolidate the national defense structure in order to reduce interservice rivalry, directly subordinate the secretaries of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force to the secretary of defense in the chain of command, and rename the National Military Establishment as the Department of Defense, making it one Executive Department. With retired Gen. Lloyd J. Austin III’s nomination to be the first Black defense secretary, the Pentagon comes face to face with its record as a place where people of color struggle to climb. Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 20:39. The resulting National Security Act of 1947 was largely a compromise between these divergent viewpoints. As the head of the department, the secretary of defense is the chief witness for the congressional committees with oversight responsibilities over the Department of Defense. At first, each of the service secretaries maintained cabinet status. The secretary is a member of the National Security Council, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and other agencies. The most important committees, with respect to the entire department, are the two authorizing committees, the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) and the House Armed Services Committee (HASC), and the two appropriations committees, the Senate Appropriations Committee and the House Appropriations Committee. Head to the redesigned Defense.gov where you can learn all about the Defense Department. The Secretary of Defense anticipates an increase in requests for assistance from interagency and civilian sources, as well as, increasing challenges to maintain the readiness of our force and the health of our military families. The secretary of defense (SecDef) is the leader and chief executive officer of the United States Department of Defense, the executive department of the Armed Forces of the U.S.[5][6][7] The secretary of defense's position of command and authority over the U.S. military is second only to that of the president. The position of the deputy secretary of defense, the number two position in the department, was also created at this time. 26th: Jim Mattis 11. The Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) dates to 1949. Some of those high-ranking officials, civil and military (outside of OSD and the Joint Staff) are: the secretary of the Army, secretary of the Navy, and secretary of the Air Force, Army chief of staff, commandant of the Marine Corps, chief of naval operations, Air Force chief of staff, chief of space operations, and chief of the National Guard Bureau and the combatant commanders of the Combatant Commands. 1st Acting 26th: Patrick M. Shanahan 12. [12] Because the Office of Secretary of Defense is vested with legal powers that exceed those of any commissioned officer, and is second only to the president in the military hierarchy, its incumbent has sometimes unofficially been referred to as a de facto "deputy commander-in-chief". He or she also maintains close contact with the State Department and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 13th and 21st: Donald Rumsfeld 2. President-elect Joe Biden plans to name Lloyd Austin, the retired U.S. Army four-star general, as his pick for secretary of defense in his incoming administration, two … [20], The secretary of the treasury, the secretary of state, the attorney general, and the secretary of defense are generally regarded as the four most important cabinet officials because of the size and importance of their respective departments. The deputy secretary is the principal civilian deputy to the secretary of defense, and is appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate. 24th: Chuck Hagel 9. The shortest-serving secretary of defense is Elliot Richardson, who served 114 days and then was appointed U.S. attorney general amid the resignations of the Watergate Scandal. [25] Since the creation of the position in 1947, such a waiver has only been approved twice, for Army General George Marshall in 1950 and Marine Corps General Jim Mattis in 2017.[26]. The secretary of defense, with the concurrence of the secretary of state, is the approval authority for the acceptance and wear of NATO medals issued by the secretary general of NATO and offered to the U.S. permanent representative to NATO in recognition of U.S. servicemembers who meet the eligibility criteria specified by NATO.[29]. Gina Haspel from CIA Deputy Director to Director), officials moving to a comparable position (e.g. Mahan, Erin R., and Jeffrey A. Larsen, eds. The deputy secretary of defense (acronym: DepSecDef) is a statutory office (10 U.S.C. The move … The Act also separated the Army Air Forces from the Army to become its own branch of service, the United States Air Force. An Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were established in 1775, in concurrence with the American Revolution. He or she also is the main advisor to the president on all Department of Defense matters and related topics. The Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) dates to 1949. The new US Secretary of Defense held his first press briefing at the Pentagon Wednesday to explain his top priorities. Official website for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. Recommendations for the Medal of Honor (MOH), formally endorsed in writing by the secretary of the military department concerned and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, are processed through the under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, and such recommendations be must approved by the secretary of defense before it can be handed over to the president, who is the final approval authority for the MOH, although it is awarded in the name of Congress. Colin Luther Powell (2001-2005) (see also former Secretary Powell’s Archive site) Condoleezza Rice (2005-2009) (see also former Secretary Rice’s Archive site) Hillary Rodham Clinton (2009-2013) (see also Secretary Clinton’s Archive site) John Kerry (2013-2017) (see also Secretary Kerry’s Archive site) [12][13][14][15][16] Only the secretary of defense (or the president or Congress) can authorize the transfer of operational control of forces between the three military departments (the departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force) and the 10 Combatant Commands (Africa Command, Central Command, European Command, Indo-Pacific Command, Northern Command, Southern Command, Cyber Command, Special Operations Command, Strategic Command, Transportation Command). Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 describes the organizational relationships within the Department, and is the foundational issuance for delineating the major functions of the Department. It is hereby expressed as the sense of the Congress that after General Marshall leaves the office of Secretary of Defense, no additional appointments of military men to that office shall be approved. The DDSM is analogous to the distinguished services medals issued by the military departments (i.e. Combining his two non-sequential services as Secretary of Defense, the second longest serving is Donald Rumsfeld, who served just ten days fewer than McNamara. The longest-serving Secretary of Defense is Robert McNamara, who served for a total of 2,595 days. Mark Esper has formally stepped down from his role as acting defense secretary Monday after the Senate received his nomination from the White … It is hereby expressed as the intent of the Congress that the authority granted by this Act is not to be construed as approval by the Congress of continuing appointments of military men to the office of Secretary of Defense in the future. The Department of Defense is composed of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and the Joint Staff (JS), Office of the Inspector General (DODIG), the Combatant Commands, the Military Departments (Department of the Army (DA), Department of the Navy (DON) & Department of the Air Force (DAF)), the Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities, the National Guard Bureau (NGB), and such other offices, agencies, activities, organizations, and commands established or designated by law, or by the president or by the secretary of defense. WASHINGTON (AP) — President-elect Joe Biden will nominate retired four-star Army general Lloyd J. Austin to be secretary of defense, according to four people familiar with the decision. The secretary is one of only five or six civilians—the others being the president, the three "service secretaries" (the secretary of the Army, secretary of the Navy, and secretary of the Air Force), and the secretary of homeland security (when the United States Coast Guard is under the United States Department of Homeland Security and has not been transferred to the Department of the Navy under the Department of Defense)—authorized to act as convening authority in the military justice system for General Courts-Martial (10 U.S.C. James Mattis, a retired United States Marine Corps general, currently serves in that role. A civilian, the secretary is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. A deputy and several assistant secretaries are answerable to the secretary. [17][18][19] The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military adviser to the secretary of defense and the president; while the chairman may assist the secretary and president in their command functions, the chairman is not in the chain of command. US Secretaries of Defense. [21], On November 9, 2020, President Trump tweeted that Christopher C. Miller would be the acting secretary of defense, effective immediately,[22] bypassing Deputy Defense Secretary David Norquist, who is in line to fill the position under the Vacancies Reform Act.[23][24]. § 824: article 24 UCMJ). The secretary of defense exercises authority, direction and control over the three departments of the U.S. armed forces -- the Army and the Navy, as well as the Air Force.The main job of the U.S. secretary of defense is to plan, develop and execute policies that concern the military affairs and national security of the country. [30] As one of the principals, the secretary along with the vice president, secretary of state and the assistant to the president for national security affairs participates in biweekly Principals Committee (PC) meetings, preparing and coordinating issues before they are brought before full NSC sessions chaired by the president. Republican The secretary of defense (SecDef) is the leader and chief executive officer of the United States Department of Defense, the executive department of the Armed Forces of the U.S. Since it is impractical for either Congress or the president to participate in every piece of Department of Defense affairs, the secretary of defense, and the secretary's subordinate officials generally exercise military authority. The last major revision of the statutory framework concerning the position was done in the Goldwater–Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986. The latest version, signed by former secretary of defense Robert Gates in December 2010, is the first major re-write since 1987.[27][28]. Best Defense The best and worst defense secretaries, as rated by Foreign Policy’s Best Defense All the news stories about Robert Gates’s memoirs, to … Private Secretary to Raksha Rajya Mantri : 23794621, 23792128 : 23016255 : mos-defence[at]gov[dot]in : 112-B, South Block New Delhi : 9 : Shri P K Suresh : Additional Private Secretary to Raksha Rajya Mantri : 23794621,23792128 : 23016255 : mos-defence[at]gov[dot]in This list includes the newest Secretary of Defense, General James Mattis. The same statute further designates the secretary as "the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense". For the DoD intelligence programs the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence have the principal oversight role. Based on the experiences of World War II, proposals were soon made on how to more effectively manage the large combined military establishment. Since the release of the candidates for the defense secretary position, Biden has steadily moved forward with naming much of his national security team, which includes Tony Blinken for Secretary of State, Jake Sullivan for National Security Adviser, Arvil Haines for Director of National Intelligence, Alejandro Mayorkas for Department of Homeland Security Secretary, Linda Thomas- … Combining his two non-sequential services as the secretary of defense, the second-longest serving is Donald Rumsfeld, who served just ten days fewer than McNamara. § 132) and the second-highest-ranking official in the Department of Defense of the United States of America.. It is one of the longest serving continuously operating offices in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and has been recognized for the excellence of its publications and programs for over a half century. Robert S. McNamara was an American business executive and the eighth U.S. Secretary of Defense. All of the officials in the line of succession are civilians appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate: Executive Order 13533 (March 1, 2010 – present), Executive Order 13394 (December 22, 2005 – March 1, 2010). (2012). All of these high-ranking positions, civil and military, require Senate confirmation. Bush Administration", Department of Defense Key Officials September 1947 – February 2019, "Les Aspin Serves One Year As Defense Secretary", "Leslie Aspin – William J. Clinton Administration", "William J. Perry – William J. Clinton Administration", "William S. Cohen – William J. Clinton Administration", "Donald H. Rumsfeld – George W. Bush Administration", "Robert M. Gates – George W. Bush / Barack Obama Administration", "Leon E. Panetta – Barack Obama Administration", "Chuck Hagel – Barack Obama Administration", "Ashton B. Carter – Barack Obama Administration", "James N. Mattis – Donald Trump Administration", "PN583 — Patrick M. Shanahan — Department of Defense", "Dr. Mark T. Esper – Acting Secretary of Defense", "Letter from Acting Secretary of Defense Richard V. Spencer to Pentagon", The Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army, "Evolution of the Secretary of Defense in the Era of Massive Retaliation: Charles Wilson, Neil McElroy, and Thomas Gates, 1953–1961", In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, "Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components", Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Special Access Program Oversight Committee, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, National Security Agency/Central Security Service, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, American Forces Radio and Television Service, Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense, Assistant Secretary for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology, Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Comptroller), Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller), Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment), Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions), Organization of the United States Marine Corps, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition), Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller), Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment & Logistics), Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs), Air Force Office of Special Investigations, Alternate National Military Command Center, Joint Intelligence Operations Center Europe Analytic Center, Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, United States federal executive departments, Presidential line of succession in the United States of America, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Secretary_of_Defense&oldid=993106284, Lists of members of the Cabinet of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Deputy Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Material Readiness. 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