[37], The Baghdad inscription remains the basis of writing by Indian scholars that Guru Nanak journeyed in the Middle East, with some claiming he visited Jerusalem, Mecca, Vatican, Azerbaijan and Sudan. [iv][27] Nanak lived in Sultanpur until c. 1500,[25] which would be a formative time for him, as the puratan janamsakhi suggests, and in his numerous allusions to governmental structure in his hymns, most likely gained at this time. It was a dark and moonless night; the clouds were heavy with rain as it was the monsoon season. The guru requested his devotees to bring flowers and instructed the Sikhs and Hindus to place flowers on his right side and the Muslims to place flowers to his left side. [34] These stories became widely popular in the 19th and 20th century, and exist in many versions. Nanak was born on 15 April 1469 at Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī village (present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) in the Lahore province of the Delhi Sultanate, although according to one tradition, he was born in the Hindu month of Kartik (November; known later as Katak in Sikhism). Nanak married Sulakhani, daughter of Mūl Chand (aka Mula)[ii][iii] Claims have been asserted of additional inscriptions, but no one has been able to locate and verify them. Death would not be called bad, O people, if one knew how to truly die. Two shrines, one built by Sikhs and Hindus and the other by the Muslims, were placed side by side on the banks of the River Ravi in Kartarpur, a part of Punjab located in modern day Pakistan. The earliest biographical sources on Nanak's life recognised today are the janamsakhis ('birth stories'), which recount the circumstances of the guru's birth in great detail. Guru Nanas was the founder of Sikhism and also the first of the 10 gurus of the religion. Guru Nanak Dev's Joti Jot When it became apparent that Guru Nanak Dev Ji's end was imminent, an argument ensued as to who would claim the guru's body for funeral rites. Guru Nanak was born on 15 April 1469, in Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī (present day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) near Lahore, into a Hindu family. [9] However, the anniversary of Nanak's birth—the Gurpurab (guru + purab, 'celebration')—subsequently came to be celebrated on the full moon day of the Kartik month in November. October–November. One by one, some sooner than others, they went back to the village. [49] In Sikhism, the term revelation, as Cole and Sambhi clarify, is not limited to the teachings of Nanak. Other direct and indirect borrowings in the Sikh janamsakhis relating to legends around Guru Nanak's journeys are from Hindu epics and puranas, and Buddhist Jataka stories.[35][43][44]. When the quarreling Hindus and Muslims tugged at the sheet covering Nanak’s body, they found instead a heap of flowers — and so Nanak’s simple faith would, in course of time, flower into a religion, beset by its own contradictions and customary practices. [8] These include the Puratan ('traditional' or 'ancient') janamsakhi, Miharban janamsakhi, Gyan-ratanavali by Bhai Mani Singh, and the Vilayat Vali janamsakhi. The next day, nothing. The Muslims wished to bury him according to their customs, while the Sikhs and Hindus wished to cremate his body according to their beliefs. Nanak is said to have travelled far and wide across Asia teaching people the message of ik onkar (ੴ, 'one God'), who dwells in every one of his creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. [36] The janamsakhis suggest that Nanak visited the Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya in 1510–11 CE. [14], Macauliffe also notes that Baisakh (March–April) already saw a number of important festivals—such as Holi, Rama Navami, and Baisakhi—therefore people would be busy in agricultural activities after the harvest festival of Baisakhi. Bhai Gurdas, a scribe of the Guru Granth Sahib, also wrote about Nanak's life in his vars ('odes'), which were compiled some time after Nanak's life, though are less detailed than the janamsakhis. Died At Age: 70. The location of his birth and young life played a significant role in his philosophical development as it was a region of close contact between Hindu and Muslim residents. Considered a religious innovator, Guru Nanak travelled across South Asia and Middle East to spread his teachings. But it has a pivotal concept of Guru. Nanak, (born April 15, 1469, Rai Bhoi di Talvandi [now Nankana Sahib, Pakistan], near Lahore, India—died 1539, Kartarpur, Punjab), Indian spiritual teacher who was the first Guru of the Sikhs, a monotheistic religious group that combines Hindu and Muslim influences. [10], In as late as 1815, during the reign of Ranjit Singh, the festival commemorating Nanak's birthday was held in April at the place of his birth, known by then as Nankana Sahib. He explained the concept of joti jot, that only his mortal body would expire, but that light which illumined him was divine light and would pass to his successor. Before his death, Guru Gobind Singh decreed in 1708, that the Gurū Granth Sāhib would be the final and perpetual Guru of the Sikhs. The Sikh, Hindu and Muslim devotees returned the following morning on September 22, 1539 A.D. After the prayers had been recited, the guru requested that those present arrange a sheet over his head and body, and then he instructed everyone to leave him. At Guru Nanak's death, he laid on a hill, and said to his followers: "I want all Muslims to place their flowers on one side of me. The Muslims wished to bury him according to their customs, while the Sikhs and Hindus wished to cremate his body according to their beliefs. [15], Nanak's parents, including father Kalyan Chand Das Bedi (commonly shortened to Mehta Kalu) and mother Mata Tripta,[16] were both Hindu Khatris and employed as merchants. [21] According to such scholars, there are good reasons to doubt the claim that the author was a close companion of Guru Nanak and accompanied him on many of his travels. Suddenly lightning flashed and thunder sounded as a few raindrops started to fall. The village was asleep. Guru Nanak's body was never found. This further suggests that he was born in the month of Baisakh (April), not Kartik (November). Guru Nanak Dev Ji was known for his political, social and spiritual beliefs which were based on love, equality, fraternity, and virtue. Guru Nanak Jayanti this past week was an occasion to remember the great Indian master, Guru Nanak Dev Ji, and his teachings. Guru Nanak must have drowned. Guru Nanak's birthday is celebrated by Sikhs on April 14th by … [41] Moreover, beyond the stone, no evidence or mention of Guru Nanak's journey in the Middle East has been found in any other Middle Eastern textual or epigraphical records. All About The Guru Granth, Sikhism’s Holy Scripture, Antam Sanskaar: the Sikh Funeral Ceremony, The Hand Print of Guru Nanak in the Boulder of Panja Sahib, The History Behind Sikh Shrine Goindwal Baoli, Biography of Mata Sundri (Sundari Kaur), 2nd Wife of Guru Gobind Singh, All About Antam Sanskaar Sikh Funeral Rites & Ceremony. People across the country celebrate this day with great devotion. Happy Birthday Wishes For Guru Nanak Guru Nanak Dev; Religion: Sikh: Office: The first Sikh gurus: Date of birth 15 April 1469: Place of birth: Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan: Date of death: 22 September 1539 (aged 70) Place of death: Kartarpur, Punjab, Pakistan: Successor: Guru Angad Dev: Known for: Creator of Sikhism Let no man in the world live in delusion. The Sikh revelations include the words of non-Sikh bhagats (Hindu devotees), some who lived and died before the birth of Nanak, and whose teachings are part of the Sikh scriptures. [citation needed] Jai Ram, Nanaki's husband, was employed at a modikhana (a storehouse for revenues collected in non-cash form), in the service of the Delhi Sultanate's Lahore governor Daulat Khan, at which Ram would help Nanak get a job. [66][67] Sikhism, for instance, disagreed with some views of Bhakti saints Kabir and Ravidas. A large number of Sikhs from across Pakistan, including … All were amazed and astonished to discover that no trace at all remained of Guru Nanak Dev Ji's mortal body. [29], Guru Nanak appointed Bhai Lehna as the successor Guru, renaming him as Guru Angad, meaning "one's very own" or "part of you". [54], Through popular tradition, Nanak's teaching is understood to be practised in three ways:[55], Nanak is considered the founder of Sikhism. (Photo by Sameer Sehgal/Hindustan Times) With Covid-19 protocols in … The Sikh pilgrims have been taking part in the 481st death anniversary of Baba Guru Nanak at Kartarpur for the past three days. The guru became widely renowned and respected for his humble service to humanity. For example, Callewaert and Snell (1994) state that early Sikh texts do not contain such stories. Death and Holy Persons. "[45] Guru Nanak emphasised that all human beings can have direct access to God without rituals or priests. [viii], In a letter, dated 27 October 1985, to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India, the Universal House of Justice stated that Guru Nanak was endowed with a "saintly character" and that he was:[70]. [20], The concept of man as elaborated by Guru Nanak, states Mandair (2009), refines and negates the "monotheistic concept of self/God," where "monotheism becomes almost redundant in the movement and crossings of love. The predominant ideology of the Sant. Born On: April 15, 1469. [17][18] His father, in particular, was the local patwari (accountant) for crop revenue in the village of Talwandi. In 1475, she married and moved to Sultanpur. "[51] The goal of man, taught the Sikh Gurus, is to end all dualities of "self and other, I and not-I," attaining the "attendant balance of separation-fusion, self-other, action-inaction, attachment-detachment, in the course of daily life. [52] In the Sikh perspective, the everyday world is part of an infinite reality, where increased spiritual awareness leads to increased and vibrant participation in the everyday world. The word is the Guru, The Guru is the Word, For all nectar is enshrined in the world Blessed is the word which reveals the Lord’s name But more is the one who knows by the Guru’s grace. They were married on 24 September 1487, in the town of Batala,[26] and would go on to have two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand[25] (or Lakhmi Das). His birth is celebrated worldwide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Katak Pooranmashi (‘full-moon of the Katak’), i.e. [45] The first, according to Cole and Sambhi (1995, 1997), based on the hagiographical Janamsakhis,[46] states that Nanak's teachings and Sikhism were revelations from God, and not a social protest movement, nor an attempt to reconcile Hinduism and Islam in the 15th century. There may be several reasons for the adoption of the Kartik birthdate by the Sikh community. 8. Born in Nankana Shahib near Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1469, this householder monk was deeply troubled by the Hindu-Muslim tussle about their ideas of God. Rather, they include all Sikh Gurus, as well as the words of men and women from Nanak's past, present, and future, who possess divine knowledge intuitively through meditation. Guru Nanak ([g??u? [20] Commentaries on his life give details of his blossoming awareness from a young age. During this period, he went on short journeys to the Nath yogi centre of Achal, and the Sufi centres of Pakpattan and Multan. ption in a Turkish script, which some interpret saying Baba Nanak Fakir was there in 1511–1512, while some state 1521–1522 (and that he lived in the Middle East for 11 years away from his family). Greetings on the 550th Gurupurab of Shri Guru Nanak … Guru Nanak Ji explained his devotees that his death shall be a unique kind of experience known as Joti Jot. For instance, at the age of five, Nanak is said to have voiced interest in divine subjects. However, the writing style and language employed have left scholars, such as Max Arthur Macauliffe, certain that they were composed after his death. However, this janamsakhi was written by Handalis—a sect of Sikhs who followed a Sikh-convert known as Handal—attempting to depict the founder as superior to Nanak. Only fresh flowers remained, for not a single bud had wilted of any blossom which had been left by either Sikhs, Hindus, or Muslims, the night before. [19], According to Sikh traditions, the birth and early years of Nanak's life were marked with many events that demonstrated that Nanak had been blessed with divine grace. The three-day event commemorated the 481st death anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev. [34][39], Some of the stories about Guru Nanak's extensive travels first appear in the 19th-century Puratan janamsakhi, though even this version does not mention Nanak's travel to Baghdad. The critical event of his life in Sultanpur, in which he returned after three days with enlightenment, also supports this belief. [62][failed verification][63], Many modern historians give weight to his teachings' linkage with the pre-existing bhakti,[64] sant,[v] and wali of South Asian/Islamic tradition. [25], Some modern accounts state that he visited Tibet, most of South Asia, and Arabia, starting in 1496 at age 27, when he left his family for a thirty-year period. [38], The hagiographic details is a subject of dispute, with modern scholarship questioning the details and authenticity of many claims. [61], Many Sikhs believe that Guru Nanak's message was divinely revealed, as his own words in Guru Granth Sahib state that his teachings are as he has received them from the Creator Himself. This year, devotees will observe his 376th death anniversary. Guru Nanak Now let us look at Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s life. He traveled to far off places and spread the message of 'one God' and that God … Guru Nanak was the first Guru and appointed a disciple as successor. She could hear his melodious voice as he sang, restr… 1 of 4 When he was 30 he mysteriously disappeared for 3 days. His father Mehta Kalu and mother Mata Tripta belonged to the merchant caste. He is an illumined soul. Guru Nanak Dev says: Once, Mehta Kalu asked Guru Nanak to invest twenty silver coins in a way that would profit him. Over the centuries, both of the shrines have each washed away twice by flooding, and been rebuilt. Nanak's teachings can be found in the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib, as a collection of verses recorded in Gurmukhi. They carefully lifted and removed the sheet which had been placed over the guru's body. ], pronunciation, IAST: Guru Nanak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539), also referred to as Baba Nanak ('father Nanak'), was the … According to Guru Nanak, this was the best bargain he could do. "[51], Guru Nanak, and other Sikh Gurus emphasised bhakti ('love', 'devotion', or 'worship'), and taught that the spiritual life and secular householder life are intertwined. Without a Guru… It is part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Nanak's sanctity, divinity, and religious authority had descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was devolved on to them. The hagiographic character of the Puratan tradition is well illustrated by the story of Nanak’s visit to Mecca. October–November. [34] Such embellishments and insertion of new stories, according to Callewaert and Snell (1993), closely parallel claims of miracles by Islamic pirs found in Sufi tadhkirahs of the same era, giving reason to believe that these legends may have been written in a competition. Guru Nanak was born in Nankana Sahib in 1469. [vi] However, some historians do not see evidence of Sikhism as simply an extension of the Bhakti movement. Died On: September 22, 1539. Today, the predominantly Muslim town attracts Sikh pilgrims from around the globe. With his last breath, Guru Nanak infused his spiritual light jot into his successor Second Guru Angad Dev. Shortly after proclaiming his successor, Guru Nanak died on 22 September 1539 in Kartarpur, at the age of 70. Guru Nanak Jayanti celebrates the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Guru Nanak Dev Ji died on September 22, 1539. Guru Nanak Death Anniversary 2020: The founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak was the first of the ten Sikh Gurus, he died on September 22, 1539. Death would not be called bad, O people, if one knew how to truly die. 42 Motivational Quotes By Guru Nanak That Will Help You Take The Rough With The Smooth. On the other hand, by the Kartik full moon day, the major Hindu festival of Diwali was already over, and the peasants—who had surplus cash from crop sales—were able to donate generously. Guru Nanak was the first of the ten Sikh gurus and the founder of Sikhism. After he had departed his body whoever had brought flowers which did not wilt should have the honor of disposing of his mortal remains in the manner they deemed fit. We should lead an honest life doing good deeds and keep God in our mind. [58][59][60], The Guru Granth Sahib is worshipped as the supreme authority of Sikhism and is considered the final and perpetual guru of Sikhism. Guru Nanak is the founder of Sikhism and the first of the Ten Gurus. After completing his odysseys, Guru Nanak settled in Kartarpur (meaning: The City of the Creator). Guru Nanak’s Birth is celebrated al around the world as Guru Nanak Gurpurab on Kartik Pooranmashi, The full-moon day in the last month of the year October-November. To settle the matter, Guru Nanak Dev himself was consulted as to how his remains should be disposed of, and by whom. KARTARPUR: Local Sikh pilgrims, carrying their young children, visit Gurdwara Darbar Sahib on Tuesday to participate in the last day of Baba Guru Nanak Devji’s 481st death anniversary. Bhai Bala is said to have obtained Nanak's horoscope from Nanak's uncle Lalu, according to which, Nanak was born on a date corresponding to 20 October 1469 CE. [47], The other theory states that Nanak was a Guru, not a prophet. Newly founded Sikh, Hindu and Muslim devotees all claimed the guru as one of their own prophets. First Guru Nanak Dev returned from his mission tours and lived in Kartarpur until the end of his days. When it became apparent that Guru Nanak Dev Ji's end was imminent, an argument ensued as to who would claim the guru's body for funeral rites. Thus we can lessen the fear of death and not blame death. After visiting southern Punjab, he died in Kartarpur, having appointed a loyal disciple as his successor. [28], Around the age of 55, Nanak settled in Kartarpur, living there until his death in September 1539. [35][34], In 1508, Nanak visited the Sylhet region in Bengal. Therefore, holding Nanak's birth anniversary celebrations immediately after Baisakhi would have resulted in thin attendance, and therefore, smaller donations for the Sikh shrines. na?n?k? [21] Notable lore recounts that, as a child, Nanak astonished his teacher by describing the implicit symbolism of the first letter of the alphabet, resembling the mathematical version of one, as denoting the unity or oneness of God. Guru Nanak became the first Sikh Guru and his spiritual teachings laid the foundation on which Sikhism was formed. By the time of his death, Nanak had acquired several followers in the Punjab region, although it is hard to estimate their number based on the extant historical evidence. The Sikh community leader Giani Sant Singh did not like this, thus starting a festival at the Sikh shrine of the Golden Temple on the same day, presenting it as the birth anniversary celebration of Guru Nanak. The lamp in his room was burning. [50], The Adi Granth and successive Sikh Gurus repeatedly emphasised, suggests Mandair (2013), that Sikhism is "not about hearing voices from God, but it is about changing the nature of the human mind, and anyone can achieve direct experience and spiritual perfection at any time. “Burn worldly love, rub the ashes and make ink of it, make the heart the pen, the intellect the writer, … [8], Most janamsakhis (ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ, 'birth stories')—the traditional biographies of Nanak—mention that he was born on the third day of the bright lunar fortnight, in the Baisakh month (April) of Samvat 1526. [56][57] The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator; unity of all humankind; engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all; and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. He is not an incarnation of God, not even a prophet. [30], During first quarter of the 16th century, Nanak went on long udasiya ('journeys') for spiritual pursuits. Guru Nanak (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ (Gurmukhi); گرو نانک (Shahmukhi); Gurū Nānak; [gʊɾuː naːnəkᵊ], pronunciation; born as Nanak on 15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539), also referred to as Baba Nanak ('father Nanak'),[1] was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. [65] Scholars state that in its origins, Guru Nanak and Sikhism were influenced by the nirguni ('formless God') tradition of the Bhakti movement in medieval India. Guru Nanak then requested that the prayers of Sohila and Japji Sahib be uttered. He died on September 22, 1539, at the age of 70. There are two competing theories on Guru Nanak's teachings. This city was established by Guru Nanak himself in 1522. Kartik Purnima marks a significant day for the Sikhs all over the world as the day is celebrated as the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Ji, also known as Gurupurab or Guru Nanak Jayanti. "He was betrothed to Sulakhani, daughter of Mula, a resident of Batala in the present district of Gurdaspur." "[13], According to Max Arthur Macauliffe (1909), a Hindu festival held in the 19th century on Kartik Purnima in Amritsar attracted a large number of Sikhs. [53] Guru Nanak described living an "active, creative, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" as being higher than the metaphysical truth. [23], Nanaki, Nanak's only sister, was five years older than him. Today [Tuesday] is the last day of the religious event. 6. He then settled in Kartarpur, a village on the right bank of the Ravi River in the Punjab. Guru Nanak Dev’s death anniversary: ‘Jyoti Jot’ prayers culminate at Kartarpur with Nagar Kirtan till zero line Guru Nanak’s Jyoti Jyot (death anniversary prayers -- Guru Nanak is believed to have died at Kartarpur on September 22, 1539) are of immense importance at Kartarpur, which is believed to be the final resting place of the Sikhism founder. [40][34], Another source of dispute has been the Baghdad stone i 7. (, "Historically, Sikh religion derives from this, "Technically this would place the Sikh community's origins at a much further remove than 1469, perhaps to the dawning of the Sant movement, which possesses clear affinities to Guru Nanak's thought sometime in the tenth century. Death of those who remember God and lead a pure life facilitates their union with God. Guru Nanak is considered by Sikhs to have departed his body only. His teachings can be found in the sacred Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib -- a vast collection of verses recorded in Gurmukhi. (Macauliffe 1909, "As a young man Nanak was married to Sulakhni, a daughter of Mula, a native of the newly founded town of, Trumpp (1877) transliterates the names of Nanak's children from the, "In its earliest stage Sikhism was clearly a movement within the Hindu tradition; Nanak was raised a Hindu and eventually belonged to the Sant tradition of northern India." At age seven, his father enrolled him at the village school, as per custom. Guru Nanak (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ, Gurū Nānak; born as Nanak on 15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539), also referred to as Baba Nanak (‘father Nanak’), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. Lesson: Serve Serve Devotees gathered in large numbers at Golden Temple on the 551st birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev, in Amritsar, Punjab. Guru Nanak was born into a Hindu family in 1469. Macauliffe (1909) notes that, according to the. [20][32][33] These claims include Nanak's visit to Mount Sumeru of Indian mythology, as well as Mecca, Baghdad, Achal Batala, and Multan, where he would debate religious ideas with opposing groups. His father was the local patwari (accountant) in the village of Talwandi. Sukhmandir Kaur is a Sikh author, educator, and the president of Dharam Khand Sikh Academy. So Guru Nanak used this amazing opportunity by buying wheat, sugar and ghee for a group of sadhus who had not eaten food for several days. A verse authored by him states that he visited several places in "nau-khand" ('the nine regions of the earth'), presumably the major Hindu and Muslim pilgrimage centres. According to Singha (2009):[48]. Guru Nanak quotes and teachings. One popular janamsakhi was allegedly written by a close companion of the Guru, Bhai Bala. Guru Nanak (1469-1539) was one of the greatest religious innovators of all time and the founder of the Sikh religion. As the first guru of Sikhism, Guru Nanak contributed a total of 974 hymns to the book. Nanak's words are registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns, or shabda, in the holy text of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, with some of the major prayers being the Japji Sahib (jap, 'to recite'; ji and sahib are suffixes signifying respect); the Asa di Var ('ballad of hope'); and the Sidh Gohst ('discussion with the Siddhas'). Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism, one of the youngest religions. Sikhism does not subscribe to the theory of incarnation or the concept of prophet hood. Amazed and astonished to discover that no trace at all remained of Guru Nanak ( 1469-1539 was. Many versions and egotism, human beings do not contain such stories give details of his in! The 10 gurus of the ten Sikh gurus and the first Guru Nanak the! Own faces 30 he mysteriously disappeared for 3 days remember God and lead pure... 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